The challenge of pension reform in Georgia: Non‐contributory pensions and elderly poverty

Georgia's national social security system offers almost universal non‐contributory basic pension coverage. The basic pension has, to date, proved effective in dealing with old‐age poverty. But Georgia's fiscal constraints and ageing population also highlight the importance of improving the pension system, in order to ensure its sustainability. This article presents policy reform choices, which suggest that, in Georgia, pension reform might include increasing the statutory retirement ages and reducing the generosity of benefits through means testing. The case of the Georgian non‐contributory basic pension might hold value for some low‐ and middle‐income countries that are considering the implementation of, or expanding coverage under, a non‐contributory pension programme.     

中国城镇化:历史道路、制度根源与国际经验

中国城镇化发展的每一个历史阶段,都对应了中国经济社会发展中需要解决的核心问题。当前中国城镇化发展面临的瓶颈,其形成有深刻的社会历史制度根源。要从全球及中国发展大战略的角度,历史性地考察中国城镇化道路的历史演变及其逻辑,探寻中国城镇化发展瓶颈的社会历史制度根源,并借鉴国际经验,推动新型城镇化的健康发展。为此,需要在战略认知方面,突破城镇化发展传统思维的束缚,形成创新性的新型城镇化发展战略的理念;在制度建构方面,形成推动和保障城镇化发展的有针对性的战略框架;在动员多元主体力量与资源方面,要实行多元主体间的协调合作,打造城镇化发展的组织化支持系统。     

不平等的再生产：从社会经济地位到健康不平等--基于CFPS2010的实证分析

本文利用2010年中国家庭追踪调查（ CFPS ）数据，探索性分析了社会经济地位影响健康不平等的两个中介机制－－健康预防机制和健康恢复机制。研究结果表明，健康预防机制中，社会经济地位影响生活方式，进而影响自评健康水平的假设得到部分验证，其中营养水平的中介效应得到验证；健康恢复机制中，社会经济地位影响医疗保健能力，进而影响自评健康水平的假设得到部分验证，其中医疗保健支付能力的中介效应得到证明。最后，分析发现，＂看病贵＂比＂看病难＂更能影响民众的健康状况。     

我国残疾人服务体系的完善对策

中国残疾人服务体系亟待完善。推进残疾人服务体系建设必须注重发展的均等化与体系的一体化,设施的标准化与内容的规范化,队伍的专业化与评估的科学化,资源的多元化与管理的合理化。     

Extending systems thinking in planning and evaluation using group concept mapping and system dynamics to tackle complex problems

Group concept mapping (GCM) has been successfully employed in program planning and evaluation for over 25 years. The broader set of systems thinking methodologies (of which GCM is one), have only recently found their way into the field. We present an overview of systems thinking emerging from a system dynamics (SD) perspective, and illustrate the potential synergy between GCM and SD. As with GCM, participatory processes are frequently employed when building SD models; however, it can be challenging to engage a large and diverse group of stakeholders in the iterative cycles of divergent thinking and consensus building required, while maintaining a broad perspective on the issue being studied. GCM provides a compelling resource for overcoming this challenge, by richly engaging a diverse set of stakeholders in broad exploration, structuring, and prioritization. SD provides an opportunity to extend GCM findings by embedding constructs in a testable hypothesis (SD model) describing how system structure and changes in constructs affect outcomes over time. SD can be used to simulate the hypothesized dynamics inherent in GCM concept maps. We illustrate the potential of the marriage of these methodologies in a case study of BECOMING, a federally-funded program aimed at strengthening the cross-sector system of care for youth with severe emotional disturbances.     

Whither practice-near research in the modernization programme? Policy blunders in children's services

In this article, we lament the effects of practice-distant research and associated policy initiatives on contemporary children's services in England. In the last decade, as a result of high profile inquiries into non-accidental child deaths, statutory children's social care services in the UK have been subject to a wide-reaching ‘modernization’ programme. We studied decision-making in the high blame environment of local authority children's services. Our research sought to examine the relationship between performance management and the impact of anticipated blame within the decision-making practices of those providing, supervising and managing these services. We show that systems and technologies can be developed which both assist the users in their daily work and achieve desired organizational goals, but without an ethnographically informed, practice-near approach, unsafe work regimes and practices can ensue.     

Predictors of treatment outcome in a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic: A naturalistic exploration

We present data on predictors of treatment outcome for 3200 consecutive referrals to a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Using Reliable Change Index (RCI) methodology, we divided children into those who, between intake and discharge, improved, stayed the same, or got worse according to clinician-rated impairment. Most predictors of improvement were related to parent variables (marital status, maternal anxiety, and ethnicity), while those associated with deterioration were tied to child status (extent of psychiatric comorbidity, history of placement in a self-contained classroom, and a prior trial of psychotropic medications). The implications of these findings for data-driven program development, clinic management, treatment planning, and systems of care are discussed.     

“中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”课教学实效性路径探微

“中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”课的教学实效性体现在教学的各个环节中。教学前，注重教学实效性意识的培养；教学中，注重宏观整体与纵向历史性相结合、政治理论性与具体现实性相结合、理论深度性与模式多样性相结合；教学后，注重双向评价，以达到教育教学之目的。     

云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡预警系统的构建

云南少数民族地区主要经济社会指标低于全省平均水平,经济社会发展存在很大的不平衡性。发展失衡容易引发地区性社会风险。本文以经济社会发展失衡为研究对象,以建立和谐社会为目标,构建了云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡预警系统,它包括发展失衡预警指标的设计、预警等级的划分和预警信号的设置。并运用所构建的预警系统对云南少数民族地区经济社会发展失衡进行了实证分析。     

灾害心理救助法律体系的构建

灾害的发生会使人产生心理创伤,这种心理创伤需要及时有效地进行心理救助。灾害心理救助是一项长期的系统工程,需要法律的规范和引导。因此,相关法律的制定是灾害心理救助的前提和保障。笔者探讨了灾害心理救助法律体系构建的意义,分析了当前我国灾害心理救助法律体系存在的问题,在此基础上提出了建设灾害心理救助法律体系的构想,以推进我国心理救助的法制化进程。